Exercitii Present Perfect Simple/Present Perfect Continuous/Past Simple

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1. “What he (do) since he (arrive)?”

2. “Well, he (write) emails on the computer.”

3. “How many emails do you think he (write) so far?”

4. “I don’t know, but I’m sure he (write) a lot. He (write) for over an hour.

5. I wonder if he has a problem or something because he (write) emails yesterday, too.”

6. “You (see) him writing them yesterday?”

7. “No, but he (tell) me about that.”

8. “He (ask) you any help?”

9. “No, he (tell) me not to disturb him.

10. “I just wonder why he (write) emails for two days…”

Exercitii Past Simple / Past Continuous

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1. “What he (do) when you (arrive)?”

2. “He (write) emails.”

3. “When he (start) writing them?”

4. “He (not tell) me that.”

5. “And what you (do) when you (see) him at the computer?”

6. “Nothing, I just (turn on) the TV.”

7. “I (suppose) you (watch) TV while he (write) emails.”

8. “Yes, but after a while he (tell) me to turn it off and go to my room.”

9. “Oh, that’s why you (read) the newspaper when I (knock) at your door.”

10 “In fact I (read) the newspaper and I also (listen) to music.”

Exercitii Present Simple / Present Continuous (avansati)

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1. “What he (do)?”

2. “I (think) he (write) emails in his rooms.”

3. ” I (suppose) he (think) about moving with his girlfriend.”

4. “Really?? Now I (understand) why he (talk) to her every day.”

5. “Yes, they (discuss) all the details today.”

6. “Maybe he (move) next weekend.”

7. “You (think) he (be) happy?”

8. “He (be), but his friends (give) him a lot of contradictory advice these days.”

9. “Look, he (come)!”

10. “Hi, Bob, you (be) ok?”

Data in limba engleza

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EXPRIMAREA DATEI IN LIMBA ENGLEZA

In exprimarea datei este obligatoriu sa cunosti cum se formeaza numeralul ordinal.

Am explicat pe larg cum se formeaza numeralul ordinal aici.

Avem doua variante in care putem exprima data: fie avem intai ziua si apoi luna, fie invers.

Exemple:

1 iaunarie

  • Scriem 1st January si citim the first of January;
  • Scriem January, 1st si citim January, the first.

2 martie

  • Scriem 2nd March si citim the second of March;
  • Scriem March, 2nd si citim March, the second

3 mai

  • Scriem 3rd May si citim the third of May;
  • Scriem May, 3rd si citim May, the third.

25 iulie

  • Scriem 25th July si citim the twenty-fifth of July;
  • Scriem July, 25th si citim July, the twenty-fifth.

31 octombrie

  • Scriem 31st October si citim the thirty-first of October;
  • Scriem October, 31st si citim October, the thirty-first

Si asa mai departe.

Cum citim anii?

Cifrele anilor se citesc cu numeralele cardinale, doua cate doua.

1974  => citim 19 – 74 => nineteen seventy-four

1851 => citim 18 – 51 =>  eighteen fifty-one

1135  => eleven thirty-five

2011  =>  twenty eleven

Pentru anii rotunzi citirea se face astfel:

1900 => citim 19 – 00 (Acest “00” vine de la suta (100), care se spune “hundred”)  =>  nineteen hundred

1800  =>  18 – 00  =>  eighteen hundred

Daca anul are un zero, acesta se citeste ca si litera O [əʊ]:

1901  =>  nineteen O one

1703  =>  nineteen O three

Ce se intampla cu anii de dupa 2000

Anii 2000 – 2009 de regula nu se despart in zecile componente, ci se citesc ca un numar obisnuit.

2001  =>  two thousand (and) one

2008  =>  two thousand (and) eight

Ce prepozitii folosim cu datele

La fel ca si in romana, in limba engleza se poate folosi “on” (pe):

M-am nascut pe 15 iulie 1980.

I was born on 15th July 1980.

Voi veni pe 25 decembrie.

I’ll come on 25th December.

Ziua mea este pe 15 iulie.

My birthday is on  15th July.

Si tot la fel ca in romana, in limba engleza se poate folosi “in” (in):

Ziua lui este in aprilie.

His birthday is in April.

Mi-am luat carnetul de conducere in februarie.

I got my driving licence in February.

Cum intrebam “in ce data suntem?” sau “ce data este astazi?”

What is the date today?

What date is it today?

De preferinta ar fi sa fiti politicosi si sa puneti si un “please” la sfarsit. 🙂

Verbe fara prepozitie

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Verbe fara prepozitie

Exista cateva verbe care in limba romana cer prepozitie in mod logic, insa in limba engleza acestea NU sunt urmate de prepozitii.

Verbele: ENTER, MARRY, RESEMBLE, APPROACH sunt urmate de complemente fara prepozitie.

  • To marry = a se casatori

In romana spunem “se casatoreste cu cineva”, insa in engleza “marry” este FARA PREPOZITIE.

His best friend married a very beautiful woman.

Cel mai bun prieten al lui s-a casatorit cu o femeie foarte frumoasa.

My cousin married a rich man.

(Verisoara mea s-a casatorit cu un om foarte bogat.)

  • To enter = a intra

Noi spunem “intru in camera”, insa in engleza “enter” este FARA PREPOZITIE.

She enters the office at eight sharp.

(Intra in birou la opt fix.)

When the boss entered the room, everybody became silent.

(Cand seful a intrat in camera, toti au devenit tacuti/ au tacut toti.)

  • To resemble = a semana

Noi spunem “seamana cu sora ei”, insa in limba engleza “resemble” este FARA PREPOZITIE.

He resembles his twin sister very much.

(Seamana foarte mult cu sora lui geamana.)

John, your test paper resembles your deskmate’s! Can you tell me what happened?

(John, lucrarea ta de control seamana cu cea a colegului de banca! Poti sa-mi spui ce s-a intamplat?)

  • To approach = a se apropia

In romana spunem “se apropie de…”, insa in limba engleza “approach” este FARA PREPOZITIE.

The dwarf approached Snow White and whispered something in her ear.

(Piticul s-a apropiat de Alba ca Zapada si i-a soptit ceva la ureche.)

Give me a call when you approach my office.

(Da-mi un telefon cand te apropii de biroul meu.)

Observatie:

Unele dintre verbele de mai sus mai au si alte sensuri. In acest articol am abordat doar sensurile care pun probleme.

SOME si ANY

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SOME si ANY


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Ambele se pot folosi atat cu substantive numarabile, cat si nenumarabile si exprima o cantitate nedefinita din ceva. “Some” si “any” se pot traduce in cateva moduri, depinzand de tipul de propozitie in care le folosim.

Si hai sa vedem concret aceste cazuri:

SOME

  • 1. Se foloseste cu precadere in propozitii afirmative. In acest caz se traduce “niste”/ “ceva”/ “cativa”.

There is some milk left in the fridge.

A mai ramas niste (ceva) lapte in frigider.

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We have some things to do today.

Avem niste (cateva) treburi de facut astazi.

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She wants some flowers for her mother.

Vrea niste flori pentru mama ei.

*

Some scientists believe that quantum physics is our future.

Unii cercetatori considera ca fizica cuantica este viitorul nostru.

*

  • 2. Se mai foloseste la interogativ, dar atunci cand intrebarea este de fapt o cerere sau o invitatie. Primele doua exemple se pot intalni ca cereri la cumparaturi:

Can I have some biscuits, please?

Imi dati, va rog, niste biscuiti?

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Could I have some strawberries, please?

Dati-mi niste capsuni, va rog.

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Why don’t you have some fun?

De ce nu te distrezi? (aici “some” se poate chiar omite in traducerea din limba romana sau, eventual, se poate traduce “de ce nu te distrezi un pic?”)

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Would you like some more juice?

Mai vrei niste suc?

  • 3. “Some” se mai foloseste la interogativ si atunci cand suntem (aproape) siguri ca raspunsul la intrebare va fi afirmativ.

I know you like chocolate… Would you like some chocolate icecream?

Stiu ca-ti place ciocolata… Ai vrea niste inghetata de ciocolata?

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ANY

  • 1. Se foloseste in propozitii negative si interogative, in care se poate traduce cu “niste” sau in care, pur si simplu, “any” se va afla doar pentru intarire.

He hasn’t brought any food.

N-a adus mancare./ N-a adus niciun fel de mancare.

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I don’t have any brothers or sisters.

Nu am frati sau surori. (observa faptul ca aici ar fi un non-sens sa traducem “nu am niste frati sau surori”)

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She doesn’t want any parties for her birthday because she hates parties.

Nu vrea nicio petrecere de ziua ei pentru ca uraste petrecerile.

Observatie: remarca faptul ca “any” este folosit cu substantive numarabile la plural, desi traducerea in limba romana se face la singular.

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  • 2. “Any” se foloste si la interogativ atunci cand nu stim daca raspunsul va fi negativ sau afirmativ (spre deosebire, deci, de “some” care se foloseste la interogativ atunci cand suntem sguri sau aproape siguri ca raspunsul va fi pozitiv)

Is there any milk left in the fridge?

A mai ramas niste lapte in frigider?

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I don’t know if you like sweets…. Would you like any cakes?

Nu stiu daca iti plac dulciurile… Ai vrea niste prajituri?

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Do you have any brothers or sisters?

Ai vreun frate sau vreo sora?

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Have you made any new friends in that town?

Ti-ai facut vreun nou prieten in acel oras?

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  • 3. “Any” se poate folosi si el in propozitii afirmative, insa traducerea si sensul sunt diferite de ceea ce ti-am aratat mai sus. In cazul in care “any” este in propozitii afirmative, el se traduce” orice”/ “oricare”….

You can come any day you want.

Poti veni in orice zi doresti.

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I can give your brother any of my books if he is keen on reading.

Pot sa-i dau oricare din cartile mele fratelui tau daca e pasionat de citit.

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Sa recapitulam pana aici:

Tipul propozitiei Afirmativ Negativ Interogativ
SOME “niste”/”ceva”/ “unii” – “niste” – atunci cand stim ca raspunsul va fi pozitiv, cand avem o cerere, invitatie, sau sugestie!
ANY “orice” / “oricare”… “niste” (sau chiar fara traducere, doar pentru a intari cumva); “vreun”/ “vreo”/ “niciun”/ “nicio”… “niste”/ “vreun”, “vreo” (cand nu stiu cum va fi raspunsul)

Tot ceea ce am spus pana aici este valabil inclusiv pentru derivatele lui “some” si “any”. Adica “somebody”, “someone”, “somewhere”, “something” se folosesc la fel ca si “some”, iar “anybody”, “anyone”, “anywhere”, “anything” se folosesc la fel ca si “any”.

There is somebody at the door.

Este cineva la usa.

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I am sure that I have good news for you:  is there somebody who wants to go on the trip?

Sunt sigur ca am vesti bune pentru voi: e cineva care vrea sa mearga in excursie?

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Jenny, someone is calling you, can’t you hear?

Jenny, te striga cineva, nu auzi?

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I would like to go somewhere to swim.

Mi-ar placea sa merg undeva sa inot.

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Mother, can you give me something, please?

Mama, poti sa-mi dai ceva, te rog?

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There isn’t anybody at the meeting.

Nu e nimeni la sedinta.

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Is there anyone who would like to work on Saturday?

E cineva care ar vrea sa lucreze sambata?

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Have you seen my purse anywhere?

Mi-ai vazut portofelul pe undeva?

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Don’t you have anything to do now?

N-ai nimic de facut acum?

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Anybody can do that.

Oricine poate face asta.

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You can ask anyone – everybody will tell you the same.

Poti intreba pe oricine – toti iti vor spune acelasi lucru.

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Now that he has money, he can go anywhere he likes.

Acum ca are bani, poate merge oriunde ii place.

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Children can’t do anything they want.

Copiii nu pot face orice vor.

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Observatie:

In propozitiile in care verbul este la negativ, componentele lui “any” vor avea sensurile: “nimeni”, “nicaieri”/”niciunde”, “nimic”.

I didn’t see anybody in the park.

N-am vazut pe nimeni in parc.

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She isn’t  going anywhere during this holiday.

Nu merge nicaieri in timpul acestei vacante.

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There isn’t anything in the fridge.

Nu e nimic in frigider.

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Aceleasi propozitii se pot exprima in engleza si cu “nobody”, “nowhere”, “nothing”, insa verbele trebuie sa fie la AFIRMATIV!

I saw nobody in the parc.

N-am vazut pe nimeni in parc.

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She is going  nowhere during this holiday.

Nu merge nicaieri in timpul acestei vacante.

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There is nothing in the fridge.

Nu e nimic in frigider.

 

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